An kaʻa uilaHe mea ia e hoʻololi i ka ikehu uila i ikehu mechanical, a mai ka hana ʻana o Faraday i ka mīkini uila mua, ua hiki iā mākou ke ola i ko mākou ola me ka ʻole o kēia hāmeʻa ma nā wahi āpau.
I kēia mau lā, ke hoʻololi wikiwiki nei nā kaʻa mai ka mīkini nui a hiki i nā mea uila, a ʻoi aku ka nui o ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā kaʻa i nā kaʻa. ʻAʻole hiki i nā poʻe he nui ke koho i ka nui o nā kaʻa i hoʻokomo ʻia i loko o kā lākou kaʻa, a ʻo ka hoʻolauna ma lalo nei e kōkua iā ʻoe e ʻike i nā kaʻa i loko o kāu kaʻa.
Nā noi o nā kaʻa i nā kaʻa
No ka ʻike ʻana i kahi o ke kaʻa i kāu kaʻa, ʻo ka noho mana ka wahi kūpono e loaʻa ai. I nā kaʻa hoʻokele waiwai, hāʻawi maʻamau nā kaʻa i ka hoʻoponopono mua a ma hope a me ke kua i hope. I nā kaʻa premium,nā kaʻa uilahiki ke hoʻomalu i ka hoʻoponopono kiʻekiʻe, no ka laʻana, ka noho lalo cushion recline, lumbar support, headrest adjustment and cushion firmness, ma waena o nā hiʻohiʻona ʻē aʻe i hiki ke hoʻohana me ka ʻole o nā kaʻa uila. ʻO nā hiʻohiʻona noho ʻē aʻe e hoʻohana ana i nā kaʻa uila e pili ana i ka pelu ʻana i ka noho mana a me ka hoʻouka mana o nā noho hope.
ʻO nā wipers makani ka laʻana maʻamau okaʻa uilanā noi i nā kaʻa hou. ʻO ka mea maʻamau, loaʻa i kēlā me kēia kaʻa he hoʻokahi kaʻa wiper no nā wipers mua. Ke ulu nui nei nā wipers pukaaniani hope me nā SUV a me nā kaʻa me nā kua o ka hale pā hale, ʻo ia hoʻi, aia nā wipers hope a me nā kaʻa like i ka hapa nui o nā kaʻa. ʻO kekahi kaʻa kaʻa e pāpaʻi i ka wai holoi i ka pale makani, a ma kekahi mau kaʻa i nā kukui, aia paha kā lākou wiper liʻiliʻi.
Aneane loa i na ka'a a pau he puhi puhi e kaapuni ana i ka ea ma o ka mehana a me ka hooluolu; nui nā kaʻa i ʻelua a ʻoi aku paha nā mea pā i loko o ka hale. Loaʻa i nā kaʻa kiʻekiʻe nā mea pā ma nā noho no ka hoʻoheheʻe cushion a me ka hāʻawi ʻana i ka wela.
I ka wā ma mua, ua wehe pinepine ʻia nā puka makani a pani ʻia me ka lima, akā i kēia manawa ua maʻamau nā puka makani mana. Aia nā kaʻa kaʻa huna ma kēlā me kēia pukaaniani, me nā sunroofs a me nā puka makani hope. Hiki ke maʻalahi nā mea hoʻohana no kēia mau puka makani e like me nā relays, akā ʻo nā koi palekana (e like me ka ʻike ʻana i nā mea pale a i ʻole nā mea hoʻopili) alakaʻi i ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā mea hana akamai me ka nānā ʻana i ka neʻe a me ka palena o ka ikaika.
Ke hoʻololi nei mai ka manual a hiki i ka uila, ua maʻalahi nā laka kaʻa. ʻO nā pōmaikaʻi o ka hoʻokele kaʻa kaʻa me nā hiʻohiʻona kūpono e like me ka hana mamao, a me ka palekana a me ka naʻauao e like me ka wehe ʻana ma hope o ka hui ʻana. ʻAʻole e like me nā puka makani mana, pono e hoʻopaʻa nā laka puka mana i ke koho o ka hana lima, no laila pili kēia i ka hoʻolālā ʻana o ka kaʻa a me ke ʻano o ka laka puka mana.
Hiki ke hoʻololi ʻia nā hōʻailona ma nā dashboards a i ʻole nā puʻupuʻu i nā kukui-emitting diodes (LED) a i ʻole nā ʻano hōʻike ʻē aʻe, akā i kēia manawa ke hoʻohana nei kēlā me kēia kelepona a me nā ana i nā kaʻa uila liʻiliʻi. ʻO nā kaʻa ʻē aʻe i loko o ka ʻāpana hoʻolako ʻoluʻolu e loaʻa nā hiʻohiʻona maʻamau e like me ka pelu ʻana i ke aniani ʻaoʻao a me ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i ke kūlana, a me nā noi ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi e like me nā piko hiki ke hoʻololi ʻia, nā pedal hiki ke hoʻihoʻi ʻia, a me nā mea hoʻokaʻawale aniani ma waena o ka mea hoʻokele a me ke kaʻa.
Ma lalo o ka pāpale, ua maʻa mau nā kaʻa uila ma nā wahi ʻē aʻe. I nā manawa he nui, ke hoʻololi nei nā kaʻa uila i nā ʻāpana mechanical i alakaʻi ʻia i ke kāʻei. ʻO nā hiʻohiʻona e pili ana i nā pā radiator, nā pauma wahie, nā pā wai a me nā mea hoʻoemi. Nui nā pōmaikaʻi o ka hoʻololi ʻana i kēia mau hana mai ke kāʻei kāʻei i ke kaʻa uila. ʻO kekahi, ʻoi aku ka ikaika o ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā kaʻa kaʻa i nā lako uila hou ma mua o ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā kāʻei a me nā pulleys, e loaʻa ana nā pōmaikaʻi e like me ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i ka wahie, hoʻemi ʻia ke kaumaha a me nā hoʻokuʻu haʻahaʻa. ʻO kekahi pōmaikaʻi ʻē aʻe, ʻo ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā kaʻa uila ma mua o nā kāʻei e hiki ai ke kūʻokoʻa i ka hoʻolālā mechanical, no ka mea, ʻaʻole pono ke kāohi ʻia nā wahi e kau ai o nā pamu a me nā pā e ke kāʻei serpentine pono e hoʻopili ʻia i kēlā me kēia pulley.
Nā ʻenehana i loko o ke kaʻa kaʻa
He mea nui loa nā kaʻa uila ma nā wahi i hōʻailona ʻia ma ke kiʻikuhi ma luna, a ma hope iho, i ka lilo ʻana o ke kaʻa i ʻoi aku ka uila a me ka holomua o ka hoʻokele autonomous a me ka naʻauao, e hoʻohana nui ʻia nā kaʻa uila i ke kaʻa, a ke hoʻololi nei ke ʻano o nā kaʻa no ke kaʻa.
ʻOiai ʻo ka hapa nui o nā kaʻa ma mua i hoʻohana i nā ʻōnaehana automotive maʻamau 12V, ua lilo nā ʻōnaehana lua 12V a me 48V i kēia manawa, me ka ʻōnaehana uila ʻelua e ʻae i kekahi o nā ukana kiʻekiʻe o kēia manawa e wehe ʻia mai ka pā 12V. ʻO ka maikaʻi o ka hoʻohana ʻana i kahi lako 48V he hōʻemi ʻehā i kēia manawa no ka mana like, a me ka hoʻemi pū ʻana i ke kaumaha o nā kaula a me nā wili kaʻa. ʻO nā noi me nā haʻahaʻa kiʻekiʻe o kēia manawa e hiki ke hoʻonui ʻia i ka mana 48V me nā kaʻa hoʻomaka, nā turbocharger, nā pauma wahie, nā pamu wai a me nā mea hoʻomaha hoʻomaha. Hiki ke mālama i kahi ʻōnaehana uila 48V no kēia mau ʻāpana ma kahi o 10 pākēneka o ka hoʻohana wahie.
Ka hoomaopopo ana i na ano kaa
Pono nā noi like ʻole i nā kaʻa like ʻole, a hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā motika ma nā ʻano like ʻole.
1. Hoʻohālikelike e pili ana i ke kumu mana hana - Ma muli o ke kumu mana hana o ka mīkini, hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia i nā motika DC a me nā motika AC. I waena o lākou, ua hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā kaʻa AC i nā kaʻa kaʻa hoʻokahi a me nā kaʻa ʻekolu.
2. E like me ke kumu hana - e like me ka hoʻolālā ʻokoʻa a me ke kumu hana, hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ke kaʻa i loko o DC motor, asynchronous motor a synchronous motor. Hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā moto synchronous i nā motor synchronous magnet mau loa, reluctance synchronous motors a me hysteresis motors. Hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ka motor Asynchronous i ka induction motor a me AC commutator motor.
3. Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia e like me ke ʻano hoʻomaka a me ka holo ʻana - hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ke kaʻa e like me ke ʻano hoʻomaka a me ka holo ʻana i ka capacitor-hoʻomaka hoʻokahi-phase asynchronous motor, capacitor-run single-phase asynchronous motor, capacitor-hoʻomaka i ka holo ʻana i ka mīkini asynchronous asynchronous.
4. Hoʻohālikelike e like me ka hoʻohana ʻana - hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā motika uila i nā kaʻa kaʻa a me nā kaʻa hoʻokele e like me ka hoʻohana ʻana. Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ka mīkini hoʻokele i nā mea hana mana (me ka wili, polishing, wili, slotting, ʻoki, reaming a me nā mea hana ʻē aʻe) me nā kaʻa uila, nā mea hana home (me nā mīkini holoi, nā uila uila, nā pahu hau, nā ea, nā mea hoʻopaʻa leo leo, nā VCR, nā mea hoʻopaʻa wikiō, nā mea pāʻani DVD, nā hoovers, nā kamera, nā hairdryers, nā mīkini uila, etc.) nā mea hana, nā mīkini liʻiliʻi, nā mea lapaʻau, nā mea uila, etc.). Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā kaʻa hoʻokele i nā kaʻa stepper a me nā kaʻa servo.
5. Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia e like me ke ʻano o ka rotor - hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ke kaʻa e like me ke ʻano o ka rotor i loko o ka cage induction motor (ʻo ka mea kahiko i kapa ʻia ʻo squirrel cage asynchronous motor) a me ka uea-wound rotor induction motor (ʻo ke kūlana kahiko i kapa ʻia ʻo wire-wound asynchronous motor).
6. Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia e like me ka wikiwiki o ka hana - hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ke kaʻa e like me ka wikiwiki o ka hana i nā kaʻa kaʻa kiʻekiʻe, nā kaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa, nā kaʻa kaʻa mau, nā mīkini wikiwiki.
I kēia manawa, ʻo ka hapa nui o nā kaʻa i loko o nā noi kino kaʻa e hoʻohana i nā motika DC brushed, ʻo ia ka hopena kuʻuna. He mea maʻalahi kēia mau kaʻa e hoʻokele a maʻalahi hoʻi ma muli o ka hana commutation i hāʻawi ʻia e nā pulupulu. Ma kekahi mau noi, hāʻawi nā motika DC brushless (BLDC) i nā pōmaikaʻi nui e pili ana i ka nui o ka mana, e hōʻemi ana i ke kaumaha a hāʻawi i ka ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka wahie a me nā hoʻokuʻu haʻahaʻa, a ke koho nei nā mea hana e hoʻohana i nā motika BLDC i nā wipers windscreen, ka hoʻomehana hale, ka ea a me ka ea hau (HVAC) blowers a me nā pamu. Ma kēia mau noi, holo nā kaʻa no ka manawa lōʻihi ma mua o ka hana transient e like me nā puka makani a i ʻole nā noho mana, kahi e hoʻomau ai ka maʻalahi a me ka maikaʻi o nā mīkini brushed.
Nā kaʻa uila kūpono no nā kaʻa uila
ʻO ka hoʻololi ʻana mai nā kaʻa māmā i nā kaʻa uila maʻemaʻe e ʻike i ka hoʻololi ʻana i nā ʻenekini hoʻokele kaʻa ma ka puʻuwai o ke kaʻa.
ʻO ka ʻōnaehana kaʻa kaʻa ka puʻuwai o kahi kaʻa uila, aia i loko o kahi kaʻa, kahi mea hoʻololi mana, nā ʻike ʻike like ʻole a me kahi lako mana. ʻO nā motika kūpono no nā kaʻa uwila, ʻo ia hoʻi: nā moto DC, nā motika DC brushless, nā kaʻa asynchronous, nā moto synchronous magnet mau, a me nā kaʻa hoʻololi hoʻololi.
ʻO ke kaʻa DC he kaʻa e hoʻololi i ka ikehu uila DC i ka ikehu mechanical, a hoʻohana nui ʻia i ka huki mana uila ma muli o kāna hana hoʻoponopono wikiwiki. Loaʻa iā ia nā hiʻohiʻona o ka torque hoʻomaka nui a me ka mana maʻalahi, no laila, ʻo kēlā me kēia mīkini e hoʻomaka ana ma lalo o ke kaumaha kaumaha a i ʻole e koi i ka hoʻoponopono wikiwiki ʻana, e like me ka nui reversible rolling mill, winches, uila locomotives, trams a pēlā aku, kūpono no ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā kaʻa DC.
ʻO ka Brushless DC kaʻa e pili pono ana i nā hiʻohiʻona o nā kaʻa uila, me nā hiʻohiʻona haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa, hiki ke hāʻawi i kahi torque hoʻomaka nui e hoʻokō i nā koi o ka wikiwiki o nā kaʻa uila, i ka manawa like, hiki ke holo i ka haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa, waena a me ke kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe o ka wikiwiki ākea, he mau hiʻohiʻona kiʻekiʻe hoʻi, i nā kūlana māmā, he kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe. ʻO ka hemahema, ʻoi aku ka paʻakikī o ka mīkini ma mua o kahi kaʻa AC a ʻoi aku ka paʻakikī o ka mea hoʻokele ma mua o ka mīkini DC brushed.
ʻO ka motika Asynchronous, ʻo ia hoʻi ka induction motor, he mea ia e hoʻokomo ʻia ai ka rotor i loko o kahi pā magnetic rotating, a ma lalo o ka hana o ka pā magnetic rotating, loaʻa kahi torque rotating, a pēlā ke ʻano o ka rotor. He maʻalahi ka ʻōnaehana kaʻa Asynchronous, maʻalahi e hana a mālama ʻia, kokoke i nā hiʻohiʻona hoʻouka wikiwiki mau, hiki ke hoʻokō i nā koi o ka hapa nui o nā mīkini hana ʻenehana a me ka mahiʻai. Eia nō naʻe, ʻo ka wikiwiki o ka motika asynchronous a me kāna mākaʻikaʻi magnetic field synchronous speed he paʻa o ka rotation, a no laila ʻilihune ka hoʻoponopono wikiwiki, ʻaʻole e like me ka hoʻokele waiwai e like me ka DC motor, maʻalahi. Eia kekahi, i ka mana kiʻekiʻe, nā noi haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa, ʻaʻole kūpono nā motika asynchronous e like me nā motika synchronous.
ʻO ka motor synchronous motor permanent he motor synchronous e hoʻohua ai i kahi māla magnetic rotating synchronous e ka hauʻoli o nā magnet mau loa, e hana nei me he rotor e hoʻohua ai i kahi māla magnetic rotating, a ʻo nā wili stator ʻekolu-phase e hana ma o ka armature ma lalo o ka hana o ke kahua magnetic rotating, e hoʻoulu ana i nā ʻano like ʻekolu. He liʻiliʻi ka nui o ka mīkini magnet paʻa, māmā i ke kaumaha, me ka inertia liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi a me ka mana kiʻekiʻe, kūpono ia no nā kaʻa uila me ka palena palena. Eia kekahi, he nui torque-to-inertia ratio, ikaika overload hiki, a me ka nui puka torque oi loa aku i ka haʻahaʻa rotational wikiwiki, i kūpono no ka hoʻomaka-hoʻomaka wikiwiki o ka computerized kaʻa. No laila, ua ʻike maʻamau ʻia nā kaʻa kaʻa mau loa e nā hui kaʻa uila a me nā ʻāina ʻē a ua hoʻohana ʻia i kekahi mau kaʻa uila. No ka laʻana, ʻo ka hapa nui o nā kaʻa uila ma Iapana e alakaʻi ʻia e nā kaʻa magnet mau loa, i hoʻohana ʻia i ka Toyota Prius hybrid.
Ka manawa hoʻouna: Jan-31-2024