An mīkini uilahe mea hana e hoʻololi i ka ikehu uila i ka ikehu mechanical, a mai ka wā i hana ai ʻo Faraday i ka motika uila mua, ua hiki iā mākou ke ola me ka ʻole o kēia mea hana ma nā wahi āpau.
I kēia mau lā, ke loli koke nei nā kaʻa mai ka mīkini nui i nā mea uila, a ke lilo nei ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā motika i loko o nā kaʻa i mea laha nui. ʻAʻole hiki i ka poʻe he nui ke kuhi i ka nui o nā motika i hoʻokomo ʻia i loko o kā lākou kaʻa, a e kōkua ka hoʻolauna ma lalo nei iā ʻoe e ʻike i nā motika i loko o kāu kaʻa.
Nā hoʻohana ʻana o nā motika i nā kaʻa
No ka ʻike ʻana i kahi o ka motika i loko o kāu kaʻa, ʻo ka noho mana kahi kūpono e loaʻa ai. I nā kaʻa hoʻokele waiwai, hāʻawi pinepine nā motika i ka hoʻoponopono mua a me hope a me ke kūlou ʻana o ke kua. I nā kaʻa premium,nā mīkini uilahiki ke hoʻokele i ka hoʻoponopono kiʻekiʻe, no ka laʻana, ka hoʻihoʻi ʻana o ka uluna lalo o ka noho, ke kākoʻo lumbar, ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i ke poʻo a me ka paʻa o ka uluna, ma waena o nā hiʻohiʻona ʻē aʻe hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia me ka ʻole o nā motika uila. ʻO nā hiʻohiʻona noho ʻē aʻe e hoʻohana ana i nā motika uila e komo pū ana me ka pelu ʻana o ka noho mana a me ka hoʻouka mana o nā noho hope.
ʻO nā mea holoi pale makani ka laʻana maʻamau omīkini uilanā noi i nā kaʻa hou. ʻO ka maʻamau, loaʻa i kēlā me kēia kaʻa ma ka liʻiliʻi hoʻokahi motika wiper no nā wiper mua. Ke lilo nei nā wiper puka makani hope i mea kaulana me nā SUV a me nā kaʻa me nā kua puka hale papaʻa, ʻo ia hoʻi, aia nā wiper hope a me nā motika pili i ka hapa nui o nā kaʻa. Hoʻopili kekahi motika i ka wai holoi i ka pale makani, a i kekahi mau kaʻa i nā kukui mua, nona paha kā lākou wiper liʻiliʻi ponoʻī.
Loaʻa i kēlā me kēia kaʻa kahi mea puhi e hoʻopōʻaiapuni ana i ka ea ma o ka ʻōnaehana hoʻomehana a me ka hoʻoluʻu; he nui nā kaʻa he ʻelua a ʻoi aku paha nā mea peʻahi i loko o ke keʻena. Loaʻa pū i nā kaʻa kiʻekiʻe nā mea peʻahi i loko o nā noho no ka hoʻoulu ʻana i ka ea a me ka hoʻolaha wela.
I ka wā ma mua, ua wehe pinepine ʻia a pani ʻia nā puka makani me ka lima, akā i kēia manawa he mea maʻamau nā puka makani mana. Aia nā motika huna i loko o kēlā me kēia puka makani, me nā sunroofs a me nā puka makani hope. Hiki i nā actuators i hoʻohana ʻia no kēia mau puka makani ke maʻalahi e like me nā relays, akā ʻo nā koi palekana (e like me ka ʻike ʻana i nā mea keakea a i ʻole ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana i nā mea) e alakaʻi i ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā actuators akamai me ka nānā ʻana i ka neʻe a me ka palena o ka ikaika hoʻokele.
Ke hoʻololi nei mai ka manual a i ka uila, ke lilo nei nā laka kaʻa i mea maʻalahi. ʻO nā pono o ka mana mīkini e komo pū me nā hiʻohiʻona kūpono e like me ka hana mamao, a me ka palekana a me ka naʻauao i hoʻonui ʻia e like me ka wehe ʻakomi ma hope o kahi ulia. ʻAʻole e like me nā puka makani mana, pono nā laka puka mana e mālama i ke koho o ka hana lima, no laila e pili ana kēia i ka hoʻolālā o ka motika a me ke ʻano o ka laka puka mana.
Ua ulu paha nā ʻōkuhi ma nā dashboards a i ʻole nā hui i nā diode hoʻomāmā kukui (LED) a i ʻole nā ʻano hōʻike ʻē aʻe, akā i kēia manawa hoʻohana kēlā me kēia dial a me ka anakahi i nā motika uila liʻiliʻi. ʻO nā motika ʻē aʻe i ka māhele hāʻawi pono e komo pū me nā hiʻohiʻona maʻamau e like me ka pelu ʻana o ke aniani ʻaoʻao a me ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i ke kūlana, a me nā noi moody hou aʻe e like me nā luna hoʻololi, nā pedals retractable, a me nā mea hoʻokaʻawale aniani ma waena o ka mea hoʻokele a me ka mea holo.
Ma lalo o ke poʻi, ke lilo nei nā motika uila i mea maʻamau ma nā wahi ʻē aʻe he nui. I nā hihia he nui, ke pani nei nā motika uila i nā ʻāpana mechanical i hoʻokele ʻia e ke kāʻei. ʻO nā hiʻohiʻona e komo pū me nā peʻahi radiator, nā pamu wahie, nā pamu wai a me nā compressors. Nui nā pono o ka hoʻololi ʻana i kēia mau hana mai ka hoʻokele kāʻei i ka hoʻokele uila. ʻO kekahi, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā motika hoʻokele i nā lako uila hou ma mua o ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā kāʻei a me nā pulleys, e hopena ana i nā pono e like me ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i ka pono o ka wahie, ka hoʻemi ʻana i ke kaumaha a me ka haʻahaʻa ʻana o nā hoʻokuʻu ʻana. ʻO kekahi pono ʻē aʻe, ʻo ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā motika uila ma mua o nā kāʻei e ʻae i ke kūʻokoʻa hou aʻe i ka hoʻolālā mechanical, ʻoiai ʻaʻole pono e kaupalena ʻia nā wahi kau ʻana o nā pamu a me nā peʻahi e ke kāʻei serpentine e pono e hoʻopili ʻia i kēlā me kēia pulley.
Nā ʻano hou i ka ʻenehana motika i loko o ke kaʻa
He mea pono ʻole nā motika uila ma nā wahi i hōʻailona ʻia ma ke kiʻikuhi ma luna, a ma hope iho, i ka lilo ʻana o ke kaʻa i mea uila a me ka holomua o ka hoʻokele kaʻa ponoʻī a me ka naʻauao, e hoʻohana nui ʻia nā motika uila i loko o ke kaʻa, a ke loli nei hoʻi ke ʻano o nā motika no ka hoʻokele.
ʻOiai ma mua, ua hoʻohana ka hapa nui o nā motika i nā kaʻa i nā ʻōnaehana kaʻa 12V maʻamau, ke lilo nei nā ʻōnaehana uila pālua 12V a me 48V i mea nui, me ka ʻōnaehana uila pālua e ʻae ana i kekahi o nā ukana o kēia au kiʻekiʻe e wehe ʻia mai ka pākahi 12V. ʻO ka pōmaikaʻi o ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka lako 48V he hōʻemi ʻehā manawa o ke au no ka mana like, a me ka hōʻemi ʻana i ke kaumaha o nā kaula a me nā wili motika. ʻO nā noi me nā ukana o kēia au kiʻekiʻe e hiki ke hoʻonui ʻia i ka mana 48V e komo pū me nā motika hoʻomaka, nā turbochargers, nā pamu wahie, nā pamu wai a me nā mea hoʻoluʻolu. ʻO ke kau ʻana i kahi ʻōnaehana uila 48V no kēia mau ʻāpana e mālama paha ma kahi o 10 pakeneka o ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka wahie.
Ke Hoʻomaopopo ʻana i nā ʻAno Motika
Pono nā noi like ʻole i nā motika like ʻole, a hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā motika ma nā ʻano like ʻole.
1. Ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana ma muli o ke kumu mana hana - Ma muli o ke kumu mana hana o ka motika, hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia i nā motika DC a me nā motika AC. Ma waena o lākou, ua māhele ʻia nā motika AC i nā motika hoʻokahi-pae a me nā motika ʻekolu-pae.
2. Wahi a ke kumu hana - e like me ke ʻano like ʻole a me ke kumu hana, hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ka motika i ka motika DC, ka motika asynchronous a me ka motika synchronous. Hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā motika synchronous i nā motika synchronous magnet mau loa, nā motika synchronous reluctance a me nā motika hysteresis. Hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ka motika Asynchronous i ka motika induction a me ka motika commutator AC.
3. Hoʻokaʻawale ʻana e like me ke ʻano hoʻomaka a me ka holo ʻana - hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ke kaʻa e like me ke ʻano hoʻomaka a me ka holo ʻana i ke kaʻa asynchronous hoʻokahi-phase capacitor-started, ke kaʻa asynchronous hoʻokahi-phase capacitor-run, ke kaʻa asynchronous hoʻokahi-phase capacitor-started e holo ana i ka kaʻa asynchronous hoʻokahi-phase a me ka kaʻa asynchronous hoʻokahi-phase split-phase.
4. Hoʻokaʻawale ʻana e like me ka hoʻohana ʻana - hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā motika uila i nā motika hoʻokele a me nā motika hoʻokele e like me ka hoʻohana ʻana. Ua māhele ʻia nā motika hoʻokele i nā mea hana mana (me ka ʻeli ʻana, ka poli ʻana, ka wili ʻana, ka slotting, ka ʻoki ʻana, ka reaming a me nā mea hana ʻē aʻe) me nā motika uila, nā mīkini home (me nā mīkini holoi, nā mea pā uila, nā pahu hau, nā ea hoʻoluʻu, nā mea hoʻopaʻa leo, nā VCR, nā mea hoʻopaʻa wikiō, nā mea pāʻani DVD, nā hoovers, nā kāmela, nā mea hoʻomaloʻo lauoho, nā mea ʻūlū uila, a pēlā aku) me nā motika uila a me nā mīkini liʻiliʻi a me nā lako hana maʻamau ʻē aʻe (me nā ʻano mīkini liʻiliʻi like ʻole, nā mīkini liʻiliʻi, nā lako lapaʻau, nā mea uila, a pēlā aku). Ua māhele ʻia nā motika hoʻokele i nā motika stepper a me nā motika servo.
5. Hoʻokaʻawale ʻana e like me ke ʻano o ka rotor - hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ke kaʻa e like me ke ʻano o ka rotor i ke kaʻa induction cage (ua kapa ʻia ke kūlana kahiko he kaʻa asynchronous cage squirrel) a me ke kaʻa induction rotor uea-wili (ua kapa ʻia ke kūlana kahiko he kaʻa asynchronous uea-wili).
6. Hoʻokaʻawale ʻana e like me ka wikiwiki o ka hana - hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ka motika e like me ka wikiwiki o ka hana i nā motika wikiwiki, nā motika wikiwiki haʻahaʻa, nā motika wikiwiki mau, nā motika wikiwiki.
I kēia manawa, hoʻohana ka hapa nui o nā motika i nā noi kino kaʻa i nā motika DC palaki, ʻo ia kahi hopena kuʻuna. He maʻalahi kēia mau motika e hoʻokele a ʻaʻole pipiʻi ma muli o ka hana commutation i hāʻawi ʻia e nā pulumu. I kekahi mau noi, hāʻawi nā motika DC brushless (BLDC) i nā pono koʻikoʻi ma ke ʻano o ka mana o ka mana, kahi e hōʻemi ai i ke kaumaha a hāʻawi i ka hoʻokele waiwai wahie maikaʻi a me nā hoʻokuʻu haʻahaʻa, a ke koho nei nā mea hana e hoʻohana i nā motika BLDC i nā wipers windscreen, cabin heating, ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC) blowers a me nā pumps. I kēia mau noi, holo pinepine nā motika no ka manawa lōʻihi ma mua o ka hana transient e like me nā puka makani mana a i ʻole nā noho mana, kahi e hoʻomau ai ka maʻalahi a me ke kumukūʻai kūpono o nā motika palaki.
Nā mīkini uila kūpono no nā kaʻa uila
ʻO ka hoʻololi ʻana mai nā kaʻa mālama pono i ka wahie a i nā kaʻa uila wale nō e ʻike i ka hoʻololi ʻana i nā ʻenekini i hoʻokele ʻia e nā motika ma ka puʻuwai o ke kaʻa.
ʻO ka ʻōnaehana hoʻokele motika ka puʻuwai o kahi kaʻa uila, nona ka motika, kahi mea hoʻololi mana, nā ʻike ʻike like ʻole a me kahi lako mana. ʻO nā motika kūpono no nā kaʻa uila: nā motika DC, nā motika DC brushless, nā motika asynchronous, nā motika synchronous magnet mau loa, a me nā motika reluctance kuapo.
ʻO ka motika DC kahi motika e hoʻololi i ka ikehu uila DC i ka ikehu mechanical, a hoʻohana nui ʻia i ka huki mana uila ma muli o kāna hana hoʻoponopono wikiwiki maikaʻi. Loaʻa iā ia nā ʻano o ka torque hoʻomaka nui a me ka hoʻokele maʻalahi, no laila, ʻo kēlā me kēia mīkini e hoʻomaka ana ma lalo o ka ukana kaumaha a i ʻole e koi ana i ka hoʻoponopono wikiwiki like, e like me nā wili wili nui hiki ke hoʻohuli ʻia, nā winches, nā locomotive uila, nā trams a pēlā aku, kūpono no ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā motika DC.
ʻO ke kaʻa Brushless DC e kūlike loa me nā ʻano ukana o nā kaʻa uila, me nā ʻano torque nui haʻahaʻa, hiki ke hāʻawi i kahi torque hoʻomaka nui e hoʻokō i nā koi wikiwiki o nā kaʻa uila, i ka manawa like, hiki ke holo i ka wikiwiki haʻahaʻa, waena a me ke kiʻekiʻe, loaʻa iā ia nā ʻano hana kiʻekiʻe, i nā kūlana māmā, he kiʻekiʻe ka hana. ʻO ka hemahema, ʻoi aku ka paʻakikī o ke kaʻa ponoʻī ma mua o ke kaʻa AC a ʻoi aku ka paʻakikī o ka mea hoʻokele ma mua o ke kaʻa DC palaki.
ʻO ka motika Asynchronous, ʻo ia hoʻi ka motika induction, kahi mea hana e kau ʻia ai ka rotor i loko o kahi kahua magnetic wili, a ma lalo o ka hana o ke kahua magnetic wili, loaʻa kahi torque wili, a pēlā e wili ai ka rotor. He maʻalahi ke ʻano o ka motika Asynchronous, maʻalahi ke hana a mālama, kokoke i nā ʻano ukana wikiwiki mau, hiki ke hoʻokō i nā koi o ka hapa nui o nā mīkini hana ʻoihana a me ka mahiʻai. Eia nō naʻe, ʻo ka wikiwiki o ka motika asynchronous a me kona wikiwiki synchronous field magnetic wili he wikiwiki paʻa o ka wili, a no laila ʻilihune ka hoʻoponopono wikiwiki, ʻaʻole like me ka hoʻokele waiwai e like me ka motika DC, maʻalahi. Eia kekahi, i nā noi mana kiʻekiʻe, haʻahaʻa wikiwiki, ʻaʻole kūpono nā motika asynchronous e like me nā motika synchronous.
ʻO ka motika synchronous magnet mau loa he motika synchronous e hoʻopuka ana i kahi kahua magnetic wili synchronous ma o ka hoʻonāukiuki ʻana o nā magnet mau loa, e hana ana ma ke ʻano he rotor e hoʻopuka i kahi kahua magnetic wili, a ʻo nā wili stator ʻekolu-phase e hana ma o ka armature ma lalo o ka hana o ke kahua magnetic wili, e hoʻoulu ana i nā kahe symmetrical ʻekolu-phase. He liʻiliʻi ka nui o ka motika magnet mau loa, māmā ke kaumaha, me ka inertia wili liʻiliʻi a me ka nui o ka mana kiʻekiʻe, kūpono no nā kaʻa uila me kahi palena. Eia kekahi, he nui ka lakio torque-to-inertia, ka mana overload ikaika, a me ka torque output nui ma nā wikiwiki wili haʻahaʻa, kūpono no ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ke kaʻa kamepiula. No laila, ua ʻike nui ʻia nā motika magnet mau loa e nā kau kaʻa uila kūloko a me nā haole a ua hoʻohana ʻia i loko o kekahi mau kaʻa uila. No ka laʻana, ʻo ka hapa nui o nā kaʻa uila ma Iapana e hoʻokele ʻia e nā motika magnet mau loa, i hoʻohana ʻia i loko o ka Toyota Prius hybrid.
Ka manawa hoʻouna: Ian-31-2024